Science (086) — AI-generated practice question

Read the following case and answer the questions that follow. A patient is diagnosed with kidney failure. Doctors place the patient on haemodialysis (artificial kidney). Meanwhile, a separate blood test reveals the patient also has very low haemoglobin levels. (i) According to the chapter, what is the principle by which an artificial kidney removes nitrogenous waste from the blood? (ii) Why is there no reabsorption step in the artificial kidney, unlike in a real nephron? (iii) How would the patient's low haemoglobin level affect the process of aerobic cellular respiration in body cells? (iv) Name the nitrogenous waste primarily removed by the kidneys that the artificial kidney would also remove, and state where in the body this waste is originally produced (as implied by the chapter).