Social Science (087) — CBSE Class 10 board question

Political parties perform the following functions in a democracy:

1. Contest elections – Parties select and put up candidates to contest elections. For example, in India, top party leaders choose candidates.

1. Formulate policies and programmes – Parties put forward different policies; voters choose among them. The ruling party's policies guide the government.

1. Making laws – Party members in the legislature vote according to party direction, playing a decisive role in law-making.

1. Run governments – Parties recruit and train leaders who become ministers and run the government.

1. Opposition role – Losing parties criticise government failures and voice different views, keeping the government accountable.

1. Shape public opinion – Parties raise issues, launch movements, and help opinions crystallise among the public.

Source: Chapter 4, Democratic Politics — Functions of Political Parties

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The examiner expects you to list any three to four functions with a brief explanation each for 3 marks. Each point earns roughly 1 mark. Always pair the function with a short example or elaboration — don't just list one-word answers. Avoid padding; crisp and accurate points score full marks.