Social Science (087) — CBSE Class 10 board question

Two features of federalism:

1. Two or more levels of government: There are different tiers of government (e.g., Central and State) that govern the same citizens, but each has its own jurisdiction in matters of legislation, taxation and administration.

1. Constitutional guarantee of powers: The jurisdiction of each tier is specified in the Constitution. Fundamental provisions cannot be changed unilaterally by one level; consent of both levels is required.

Source: What is federalism?, Chapter 2

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• The question asks for any two features — pick the clearest, most examinable ones. The two given above are directly stated in the textbook's numbered list.
• Each feature should be named + briefly explained (one sentence each) for full marks.
• Avoid vague answers like "power is shared" without specifying between whom or how.
• Other valid features include: courts as umpire, financial autonomy of each tier, or dual objectives of unity + diversity — any two from the textbook list will earn full marks.