Social Science (087) — CBSE Class 10 board question

Two measures for better productivity and organic farming:

1. Use of HYV seeds and modern inputs — High Yielding Variety seeds, along with proper irrigation, chemical fertilisers and crop insurance schemes help increase agricultural productivity.

1. Consolidation of holdings and cooperative farming — Consolidating fragmented land holdings and promoting cooperation among farmers improves efficiency and supports sustainable, organic farming practices.

Source: Agriculture, Chapter 4 (Technological and Institutional Reforms)

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• The question asks for two measures — one point each = 1 mark each.
• The passage highlights both technical reforms (HYV seeds, irrigation, package technology) and institutional reforms (consolidation, cooperation, Grameen banks) as key measures.
• Examiners expect you to name the measure and briefly explain it — do not just list one-word answers.
• Organic farming angle can be addressed through consolidation/cooperation and reducing dependence on chemicals, though the passage focuses more on institutional and technical reforms broadly.