Artificial Intelligence (417) — CBSE Class 10 board question

Stemming removes affixes from words to get the root/base form, but the result may not be a meaningful word. Lemmatization also removes affixes, but always produces a meaningful word (called a lemma).

Processing "Wolves":

• Stemming → wolv (not a meaningful word)
• Lemmatization → wolf (a meaningful word)

Source: Chapter 6, Section 6.5 – Text Processing (Stemming & Lemmatization)

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• The key distinction examiners look for: stemming is faster but may give non-meaningful results; lemmatization is slower but always gives a valid word.
• Use a clear example showing both outputs — "wolves" is a standard example. Writing just definitions without an example will cost marks on a 2-mark question.
• The term lemma for the output of lemmatization is good to include if space allows.