AI-generated practice question — model-generated for extra practice, not a previous-year CBSE board question.
By the last quarter of the nineteenth century, nationalism no longer retained its idealistic liberal-democratic sentiment of the earlier period. Instead, it became a narrow creed with limited ends. Nationalist groups grew increasingly intolerant of each other and were ever ready to go to war. Major European powers also manipulated nationalist aspirations to further their imperialist aims.
Source: Chapter 1 — Nationalism in Europe, Section 6: Nationalism and Imperialism
---
The examiner expects you to contrast early (liberal, idealistic) nationalism with the later aggressive, intolerant form. The two key points for 2 marks are: (1) it became a narrow creed losing liberal-democratic idealism, and (2) nationalist groups became intolerant and war-prone, with European powers exploiting nationalism for imperialism. Quote or closely paraphrase the textbook language ("narrow creed with limited ends") — examiners recognise it.