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Mathematics — CBSE Class 10 board question

Q1. [3]
In the given figure, AB is a diameter of the circle with centre O. AQ, BP and PQ are tangents to the circle. Prove that $\angle POQ = 90^\circ$.
Previously asked in CBSE board exam
2024 30/1/1 Q30(A)
Generated by claude-sonnet-4-6 · 2026-06-15 10:28 · grounding rag
Model Answer

Given: AB is a diameter of circle with centre O. AQ, BP and PQ are tangents to the circle.

To Prove: ∠POQ = 90°

Proof:

Let the tangent PQ touch the circle at point R.

Since tangents from an external point are equal (Theorem 10.2):

From point P: BP = PR ...(1)

From point Q: AQ = QR ...(2)

Now, AB is a diameter, so AB = AQ + QB... wait — let OA = OB = radius = r, and let AB = 2r.

Consider point P: BP = PR, so ∠POQ calculation uses angles.

Using angles at O:

In △OPQ, we use the fact that:
$$\angle POB = 90° - \angle OPB \quad \text{(since OB ⊥ BP, tangent-radius)}$$
$$\angle QOA = 90° - \angle OQA \quad \text{(since OA ⊥ AQ, tangent-radius)}$$

Since ∠OBP = ∠OAQ = 90°,

$$\angle POB + \angle QOA + \angle POQ = 180° \quad \text{(angles on straight line AOB)}$$

In △OBP: $\angle POB = 90° - \angle OPB$

In △OAQ: $\angle QOA = 90° - \angle OQA$

In △OPQ, since ∠OPQ + ∠OQP + ∠POQ = 180°:

From △OBP: $\angle BOP + \angle OPB = 90°$, so $\angle BOP = 90° - \angle OPB$

From △OAQ: $\angle AOQ = 90° - \angle AQO$

Now: $\angle BOP + \angle POQ + \angle AOQ = 180°$

$$(90° - \angle OPB) + \angle POQ + (90° - \angle OQA) = 180°$$

$$\angle POQ = \angle OPB + \angle OQA$$

In △OPQ: $\angle POQ + \angle OPQ + \angle OQP = 180°$

Since $\angle OPQ = \angle OPB$ (same angle, as B, P are on same tangent) and $\angle OQP = \angle OQA$:

$$\angle POQ + \angle OPB + \angle OQA = 180°$$

But from above, $\angle POQ = \angle OPB + \angle OQA$, so:

$$\angle POQ + \angle POQ = 180°$$

$$2\angle POQ = 180°$$

$$\boxed{\angle POQ = 90°}$$

Hence proved.

Source: Chapter 10, Sections 10.2–10.3

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Explanation

The key steps examiners look for:

  1. OB ⊥ BP and OA ⊥ AQ (radius ⊥ tangent at point of contact — Theorem 10.1).
  2. Angles on a straight line: ∠AOQ + ∠POQ + ∠BOP = 180°.
  3. From right triangles OAQ and OBP, express ∠AOQ and ∠BOP in terms of ∠OQP and ∠OPQ.
  4. Angle sum in △OPQ gives the final equation leading to ∠POQ = 90°.

The crucial insight is that ∠OPQ = ∠OPB and ∠OQP = ∠OQA (since PQ is a single tangent line at each external point), so the angle-sum in △OPQ combines with the straight-line condition to give 2∠POQ = 180°.

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