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Mathematics — Standard (041) — CBSE Class 10 board question

Q1. [4] § 3.3.1 Substitution Method
A 2-digit number is such that the product of its digits is 24. If 18 is subtracted from the number, the digits interchange their places. Find the number.
Previously asked in CBSE board exam
2022 30/2/1 Q12(a)
Generated by claude-sonnet-4-6 · 2026-06-15 10:35 · grounding rag
Model Answer

Let the tens digit be x and units digit be y.

So the number = 10x + y.

Condition 1: Product of digits = 24
$$xy = 24 \quad \Rightarrow \quad y = \frac{24}{x} \tag{1}$$

Condition 2: When 18 is subtracted, digits interchange.
$$10x + y - 18 = 10y + x$$
$$9x - 9y = 18$$
$$x - y = 2 \tag{2}$$

Substituting (1) in (2):
$$x - \frac{24}{x} = 2$$
$$x^2 - 2x - 24 = 0$$
$$x^2 - 6x + 4x - 24 = 0$$
$$(x-6)(x+4) = 0$$

So x = 6 or x = −4.

Since x is a digit, x = 6, and $y = \dfrac{24}{6} = 4$.

The required number is 64.

Verification: 6 × 4 = 24 ✓; 64 − 18 = 46 (digits interchanged) ✓

Source: Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables, Chapter 3

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Explanation
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