Option D: Binary Fission
The diagram shows an Amoeba dividing into two equal daughter cells — this is binary fission, a type of asexual reproduction where a single cell splits into two identical cells.
The key visual clue is the nucleus elongating and dividing, followed by the cell constricting into two equal halves — the defining feature of binary fission. Budding produces an unequal outgrowth; fragmentation breaks a multicellular organism; spore formation involves sporangia. The NCERT summary confirms: "In fission, many bacteria and protozoa simply divide into two or more daughter cells." Amoeba is the classic example of binary fission.