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Mathematics — CBSE Class 10 board question

Q1. [5]
In $\triangle ABC$, if $AD \perp BC$ and $AD^2 = BD \cdot DC$, then prove that $\angle BAC = 90°$.
Previously asked in CBSE board exam
2025 30/1/1 Q33 (OR-2)
Generated by claude-sonnet-4-6 · 2026-06-15 10:21 · grounding rag
Model Answer

Given: In △ABC, AD ⊥ BC and AD² = BD · DC.

To Prove: ∠BAC = 90°

Proof:

Since AD ⊥ BC, we have ∠ADB = ∠ADC = 90°.

In △ADB and △ADC:

Consider △ADB and △CAD.

From the given condition: $AD^2 = BD \cdot DC$

$$\Rightarrow \frac{AD}{DC} = \frac{BD}{AD}$$

Also, ∠ADB = ∠ADC = 90° (since AD ⊥ BC)

Therefore, by SAS similarity criterion:

$$\triangle ADB \sim \triangle CAD$$

(sides about equal angles are proportional, with ∠ADB = ∠CAD... )

Let us use AA criterion instead:

In △ADB and △CAD:

Correct approach:

In △ABD and △ACD, we know AD ⊥ BC (∠ADB = ∠ADC = 90°).

From AD² = BD · DC:
$$\frac{AD}{DC} = \frac{BD}{AD}$$

In △ADB and △CDA:

By SAS similarity: △ABD ~ △CAD

∴ ∠ABD = ∠CAD ... (1)

Similarly, in △ACD and △BAD:
△ACD ~ △BAD (same reasoning)

∴ ∠ACD = ∠BAD ... (2)

Now, ∠BAC = ∠BAD + ∠CAD = ∠ACD + ∠ABD

In △ABC: ∠ABC + ∠ACB + ∠BAC = 180°

∴ ∠BAC + ∠BAC = 180° − ...

Clean final proof:

In △ABD and △CAD:
$$\frac{BD}{AD} = \frac{AD}{CD} \quad \text{(since } AD^2 = BD \cdot DC\text{)}$$
∠BDA = ∠ADC = 90°

By SAS similarity, △ABD ~ △CAD.

∴ ∠BAD = ∠ACD ...(1)

In △ACD and △BAD:
$$\frac{CD}{AD} = \frac{AD}{BD}, \quad \angle ADC = \angle ADB = 90°$$

By SAS similarity, △ACD ~ △BAD.

∴ ∠DAC = ∠ABD ...(2)

Adding (1) and (2):

∠BAD + ∠DAC = ∠ACD + ∠ABD

∴ ∠BAC = ∠ACB + ∠ABC

In △ABC: ∠BAC + ∠ABC + ∠ACB = 180°

∴ ∠BAC + ∠BAC = 180°

2∠BAC = 180° ⟹ ∠BAC = 90° $\blacksquare$

Source: Chapter 6, Section 6.4 — Criteria for Similarity of Triangles

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Explanation
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