(c) Laterite soil
Laterite soil develops in areas with high temperature under tropical climate. It is the result of intense leaching due to heavy rain and is generally humus poor (especially under sparse vegetation).
Source: Resources and Development, Laterite Soil
The passage directly states: "This soil is the result of intense leaching due to heavy rain" and "it is generally humus poor" — both match the clues. Arid soil lacks humus due to dry/hot climate (not heavy rain), so it is a common distractor. Black soil is humus-rich. Always match all clues to eliminate wrong options.