Social Science (087) — CBSE Class 10 board question

Three major challenges before political parties in India are:

1. Lack of internal democracy – Power is concentrated in the hands of a few top leaders. Ordinary members have little say in decision-making, and party elections are rarely held.

1. Dynastic succession – Top positions are often inherited by family members of senior leaders rather than being filled through merit or democratic selection.

1. Money and muscle power – Parties increasingly rely on wealthy candidates and criminal elements to win elections, sidelining honest but resource-poor candidates.

Examiners expect three distinct, clearly labelled challenges — one point per mark. These three (lack of internal democracy, dynastic succession, and criminalisation/money power) are the standard ones from NCERT Chapter 4 ("Challenges to Political Parties"). Avoid vague statements; name each challenge precisely and give a one-line explanation. No examples are needed for 3 marks.