Social Science (087) — CBSE Class 10 board question

Agriculture and industry are interdependent and complement each other:

1. Industry modernises agriculture: Agro-industries supply irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machines and tools to farmers, raising agricultural productivity.

1. Agriculture supplies raw materials to industry: Industries like sugar, cotton textiles, and jute depend on agriculture for their raw materials.

1. Industry reduces dependence on agriculture: Manufacturing provides jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors, reducing over-dependence on agricultural income.

1. Efficiency in production: Development and competitiveness of manufacturing has made agricultural production processes more efficient.

1. Mutual growth: The fertilizer industry, expanded after the Green Revolution, directly supports agriculture, while agriculture's output feeds agro-based industries.

Thus, both sectors are not exclusive of each other — they move hand in hand for overall economic development.

Source: Manufacturing Industries, Chapter 6

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• This is a justify/argument-based question, so use clear numbered points — examiners award marks per valid point.
• The key phrase from the textbook is "Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other" — quoting or paraphrasing it shows textbook awareness.
• Focus on two-way dependency: industry helps agriculture AND agriculture feeds industry.
• Avoid writing a general essay — 5 focused points with brief elaboration is ideal for 5 marks.