Social Science (087) — CBSE Class 10 board question

Five ways to reduce industrial pollution:

1. Minimise and recycle water: Industries should reuse and recycle water in successive stages of processing to reduce freshwater wastage.

1. Treat effluents before discharge: Hot water and industrial effluents must be treated through primary (mechanical), secondary (biological), and tertiary (chemical/physical) processes before releasing into rivers.

1. Harvest rainwater: Industries should harvest rainwater to meet their water requirements, reducing ground water overdrawing.

1. Control air pollution: Smoke stacks should be fitted with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, and scrubbers. Oil or gas should be used instead of coal to reduce smoke.

1. Reduce noise pollution: Generators and machinery should be fitted with silencers; noise-absorbing materials should be used; workers should use earplugs.

Source: Chapter 6 — Control of Environmental Degradation

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• The question asks for five ways — give exactly five, each as a separate point.
• Examiners expect specific technical terms: electrostatic precipitators, flocculation, sedimentation, tertiary treatment etc. — these earn marks.
• Each point should have a heading + one explanatory line (matching ~20 words per mark).
• Don't just list vague ideas like "stop pollution" — link each measure to a specific type of pollution (water/air/noise).