Social Science (087) — CBSE Class 10 board question

Pipelines are an important means of transport in India due to the following reasons:

1. Transport of key resources: Pipelines carry crude oil, petroleum products, and natural gas from oil fields to refineries (Barauni, Mathura, Panipat) and fertilizer factories located far inland.
2. Low running cost: Although initial laying cost is high, subsequent running costs are minimal.
3. Efficient and loss-free: Pipelines rule out trans-shipment losses and delays.
4. Slurry transport: Solids can also be transported when converted into slurry.

India's major pipeline networks — including the 18,500 km cross-country gas pipelines (expanded from the original HVJ pipeline) — have enabled industries and power plants in western and northern India to function efficiently.

Source: Chapter 7 — Manufacturing Industries / Transport, Section: Pipelines

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Examiners expect you to cover: (i) what pipelines carry, (ii) cost advantage (high initial, low running), (iii) no trans-shipment losses, and (iv) enabling inland locations of refineries/fertilizer plants. Mention at least one real example (HVJ pipeline or Barauni/Mathura refineries) for full marks. Avoid vague statements — be specific to the text.