Social Science (087) — CBSE Class 10 board question

Three institutional reforms for the development of Indian agriculture are:

1. Abolition of Zamindari and Land Reforms: After Independence, collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, and abolition of zamindari were given priority. Land reform was the main focus of the First Five Year Plan.

1. Crop Insurance and Credit Facilities: Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, and disease; establishment of Grameen banks and cooperative societies to provide loans at lower interest rates; Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme were introduced.

1. Minimum Support Price: The government announces minimum support price (MSP) and procurement prices for important crops to protect farmers from exploitation by speculators and middlemen.

Source: Chapter 4, Technological and Institutional Reforms

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• The question asks for institutional reforms specifically — avoid mixing with technological ones (like HYV seeds, Green Revolution).
• Each point must be distinct and clearly named — examiners award 1 mark per valid reform.
• Key terms to include: zamindari abolition, land reform, crop insurance, Grameen banks, KCC, MSP — these are the textbook-specific terms that fetch marks.