Social Science (087) — CBSE Class 10 board question

Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other — they move hand in hand:

1. Agro-industries depend on agriculture for raw materials — cotton, sugarcane, jute, etc. are agricultural products used by textile and sugar industries.

1. Industries support agriculture — they supply irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic/PVC pipes, machines and tools to farmers, raising agricultural productivity.

1. Manufacturing increases efficiency — development and competitiveness of manufacturing has made agricultural production processes more efficient.

1. Employment generation — industries reduce heavy dependence on agricultural income by providing jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.

1. Mutual growth — agro-based industries like cotton textiles provide livelihoods to farmers, boll pluckers, and workers in ginning, spinning, and weaving, linking both sectors directly.

Source: Manufacturing Industries, Ch. 6 — Importance of Manufacturing & Agro-based Industries

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• The key phrase "not exclusive of each other" from the textbook should ideally appear in your answer.
• Examiners look for bidirectional linkage: agriculture supplying raw materials TO industry, AND industry supplying inputs BACK to agriculture.
• List specific examples (fertilisers, pumps, cotton, sugarcane) — vague answers lose marks.
• Five clear points align well with 5 marks; aim for one point per mark.