Sustainability has become essential because present development often depletes natural resources, making it impossible for future generations to meet their needs.
Example 1 – Groundwater: Nearly one-third of India is already overusing groundwater reserves. If this continues, 60% of the country will face water scarcity within 25 years. Since groundwater is a renewable resource, overuse beyond natural replenishment rate threatens future agriculture and survival.
Example 2 – Crude Oil: World crude oil reserves will last only about 47 years at the current rate of extraction. Once exhausted, this non-renewable resource cannot be replenished, directly harming future development.
Thus, development must balance present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs.
Source: Chapter 1 – Sustainability of Development
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