Social Science (087) — CBSE Class 10 board question

The following steps can be taken to save fresh water from industrial pollution:

1. Treatment of industrial effluents: Industries should treat their waste water in effluent treatment plants before discharging it into rivers or lakes.

1. Strict laws and regulations: The government should enforce strict pollution control laws and penalise industries that dump untreated waste into water bodies.

1. Recycling of water: Industries should reuse and recycle water within their units to minimise the discharge of polluted water.

1. Use of eco-friendly technology: Industries should adopt cleaner production technologies that generate less waste and consume less water.

1. Regular monitoring: Pollution control boards should regularly monitor the quality of water near industrial areas to detect and prevent pollution immediately.

Source: Water Resources, Chapter 3, CBSE Class 10 Geography

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The textbook mentions that industries pollute freshwater through wastes and chemicals, making water hazardous for use. The question is application-based — examiners expect five distinct, clearly labelled points with brief explanations. Each point should be a separate measure (not repeated ideas). Avoid vague answers like "save water"; focus specifically on pollution prevention. No diagrams are needed. One line per point is sufficient for full marks.