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Social Science (087) — CBSE Class 10 board question

Q1. [2] § 2 The Nineteenth Century (1815-1914) § 2.1 A World Economy Takes Shape § 2.3 Late nineteenth-century Colonialism
⚠ The Making of a Global World › 2.1 A World Economy Takes Shape — Internal project only — not in the Board exam (per CBSE 2026-27 curriculum) Only sub-topics 1–1.3 (The Pre-modern World) are in the Board exam; sub-topics 2–4.4 are the internally-assessed interdisciplinary project. [source: Course Structure — History, Chapter III (Subtopics 1 to 1.3 evaluated in Board)]
⚠ The Making of a Global World › 2.3 Late nineteenth-century Colonialism — Internal project only — not in the Board exam (per CBSE 2026-27 curriculum) Only sub-topics 1–1.3 (The Pre-modern World) are in the Board exam; sub-topics 2–4.4 are the internally-assessed interdisciplinary project. [source: Course Structure — History, Chapter III (Subtopics 1 to 1.3 evaluated in Board)]
⚠ The Making of a Global World › 2 The Nineteenth Century (1815-1914) — Internal project only — not in the Board exam (per CBSE 2026-27 curriculum) Only sub-topics 1–1.3 (The Pre-modern World) are in the Board exam; sub-topics 2–4.4 are the internally-assessed interdisciplinary project. [source: Course Structure — History, Chapter III (Subtopics 1 to 1.3 evaluated in Board)]
''Until the nineteenth century, poverty and hunger were common in Europe.'' Analyse the statement.
Previously asked in CBSE board exam
2024 32/4/1 Q21
Generated by claude-sonnet-4-6 · 2026-06-15 07:01 · grounding rag
Model Answer

Until the nineteenth century, poverty and hunger were widespread in Europe due to the following reasons:

  1. The first half of the nineteenth century saw an enormous increase in population, creating more job seekers than employment opportunities.
  2. Rural population migrated to cities, leading to overcrowded slums.
  3. Small producers faced stiff competition from cheap machine-made imports from England.
  4. Peasants struggled under feudal dues, and bad harvests caused widespread pauperism.

Source: Chapter 1, Section 3.2 – Hunger, Hardship and Popular Revolt

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Explanation

This is a 2-mark analytical question. Examiners expect 2 clear, specific points drawn directly from the textbook passage. Avoid vague statements — mention specific causes like population growth, unemployment, competition from English imports, feudal burdens, and food price rise. No need to give examples of revolts (like 1848 Paris or Silesia) unless you have space; the causes are the focus here.

If a question refers to an image, map, graph or diagram that is not shown here, find the actual CBSE question paper on the CBSE website: cbse.gov.in.
Previous-year CBSE Grade 10 board exam questions, organised by subject and chapter, each with a model answer — free to read and print.