Q1. [3]
Analyse the process of Italian Unification.
Previously asked in CBSE board exam
2024 32/3/1 Q25(b)
Generated by claude-sonnet-4-6 · 2026-06-15 06:56 · grounding rag
Model Answer
Italian Unification (1859–1861):
- Mazzini's Role: Giuseppe Mazzini founded Young Italy to spread nationalist ideas and work towards a unified Italian republic.
- Cavour's Diplomacy: Chief Minister Cavour of Sardinia-Piedmont formed a tactical alliance with France, enabling defeat of Austrian forces in 1859.
- Garibaldi's Campaign: Giuseppe Garibaldi led armed volunteers into South Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1860, winning peasant support and driving out Spanish rulers.
- Outcome: In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of unified Italy.
Source: Chapter 1 — Nationalism in Europe, Section 2.4 & Section on Cavour/Garibaldi
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Explanation
- Examiners expect three distinct phases/contributors: Mazzini (ideology), Cavour (diplomacy/military), Garibaldi (armed struggle) — each earns roughly 1 mark.
- Mention the 1861 proclamation as the conclusion.
- Avoid lengthy descriptions; keep each point to 1–2 lines.
- Key terms to use: Young Italy, Sardinia-Piedmont, diplomatic alliance, volunteers/Red Shirts, Victor Emmanuel II.
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