Social Science — CBSE Class 10 board question

Rapid improvement in technology has stimulated globalisation in the following ways:

1. Improvements in Transport Technology:
Over the past fifty years, transportation has improved significantly. The use of containers — which can be loaded onto ships, railways, planes and trucks — has reduced port handling costs and increased the speed of exports reaching markets. The cost of air transport has also fallen, enabling greater volumes of goods to be transported.

2. Information and Communication Technology (ICT):
Developments in telecommunications, computers and the Internet have been remarkable. Telephone, mobile phones, fax and satellite communication allow instant contact across the world. The Internet enables instant e-mail and voice communication at negligible cost.

3. IT in Spreading Services:
IT has spread production of services across countries. For example, a London magazine is designed in Delhi — text is sent via Internet, designing done on computers, and payment made through e-banking. This shows how technology directly enables globalisation.

Source: Chapter 4 — Globalisation and the Indian Economy, "Factors that have enabled Globalisation — Technology"

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• Examiners expect two broad heads: transport technology and ICT/IT, with examples.
• The container example and the Delhi-London magazine example are textbook examples — always include them for full marks.
• Avoid writing a general essay; use brief labelled points for clarity and easy marking.
• 5 marks = roughly 3 developed points with examples. Quality over quantity.