By the end of the 19th century, many Indians began reinterpreting history to instill national pride. The British portrayed Indians as backward and incapable of self-governance. In response, Indians highlighted the glorious achievements of ancient India in art, science, philosophy, and trade. These nationalist histories urged readers to take pride in India's past and struggle against British rule.
Source: Chapter 2, The Sense of Collective Belonging
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The question is directly answered by the passage in "The Sense of Collective Belonging" section. Examiners expect two clear points: (1) the British portrayal of Indians as backward (the provocation) and (2) Indians' counter-response — glorifying ancient achievements to build pride and nationalist spirit. Mention both sides for full 2 marks. Avoid writing a lengthy essay; two crisp points are sufficient.