Social Science — CBSE Class 10 board question

Political parties are essential to the functioning of Indian democracy for the following reasons:

1. Contesting Elections: Parties select candidates, provide them with symbols, and mobilise voters, making elections meaningful and organised.

1. Forming Government: The party winning majority forms the government; the losing party sits in opposition and keeps the ruling party in check.

1. Policy Making: Parties present programmes and policies to the public. The ruling party implements its policies, giving people a clear choice.

1. Representing Social Groups: Parties act as negotiators of social divisions, giving voice to diverse groups — dalits, minorities, regional communities, etc.

1. Federal Sharing of Power: State/regional parties have strengthened federalism. Since 1996, state parties have been part of national coalition governments, making Parliament more diverse and representative.

1. High Participation: Despite low trust, membership in Indian parties has steadily grown and is higher than in many advanced democracies.

Source: Democratic Politics, Chapter 4

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• The examiner expects 5 clear points — one per mark — covering roles like elections, government formation, policy, social representation, and federalism.
• Use textbook terms: "coalition," "opposition," "federalism," "recognition."
• The passage specifically highlights growing participation and federalism through state parties — include these as they are textbook-specific points examiners reward.
• Avoid padding; keep each point to 1–2 lines.