Generated by claude-sonnet-4-6 · 2026-06-15 06:50 · grounding rag
Model Answer
(i) Hormonal co-ordination: Plants vs. Animals
| Plants | Animals |
|---|---|
| Hormones are called phytohormones (e.g., auxin, gibberellin) | Hormones are secreted by endocrine glands (e.g., insulin, adrenaline) |
| No specific glands; produced in various tissues | Produced by specific ductless glands |
| Response is slow | Response is comparatively faster |
(ii) Parts of brain responsible for:
- Intelligence – Cerebrum (forebrain)
- Riding a bicycle – Cerebellum (hindbrain)
- Vomiting – Medulla oblongata (hindbrain)
- Controlling hunger – Hypothalamus (forebrain)
(iii) Protection of brain and spinal cord:
- The brain is enclosed in a bony box called the cranium (skull).
- The spinal cord is enclosed in a vertebral column (backbone).
- Both brain and spinal cord are covered by three membranes called meninges.
- A fluid-filled space between the meninges acts as a shock absorber, protecting these organs from mechanical injury.
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Explanation
- Sub-question (i) carries ~1–2 marks: a short comparison table or 2–3 contrasting points is sufficient.
- Sub-question (ii) carries ~2 marks: one line per part; examiners expect exact brain region names.
- Sub-question (iii) carries ~1–2 marks: mention cranium, vertebral column, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid — all four points are expected.
- These answers come from Chapter 7 (Control and Coordination), NCERT Class 10 Science. The source passages provided were from other chapters and were not relevant, so standard NCERT content was used.