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Science — CBSE Class 10 board question

Q1. [5]
Answer the following about electric power :
  1. (i) Define electric power. Express it in terms of potential difference (V) and resistance (R).
  2. (ii) An electric oven is designed to work on the mains voltage of 220 V. This oven consumes 11 units of electrical energy in 5 hours. Calculate : (a) power rating of the oven (b) current drawn by the oven (c) resistance of the oven when it is red hot
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Model Answer

(i) Definition and expression:

Electric power is the rate at which electric energy is consumed (or dissipated) in a circuit.

$$P = VI = I^2R = \frac{V^2}{R}$$

In terms of V and R:

$$\boxed{P = \frac{V^2}{R}}$$

(ii) Given: V = 220 V, Energy consumed = 11 units = 11 kWh, time = 5 h

(a) Power rating:

$$P = \frac{\text{Energy}}{\text{time}} = \frac{11 \text{ kWh}}{5 \text{ h}} = 2.2 \text{ kW} = \mathbf{2200 \text{ W}}$$

(b) Current drawn:

$$I = \frac{P}{V} = \frac{2200 \text{ W}}{220 \text{ V}} = \mathbf{10 \text{ A}}$$

(c) Resistance of the oven:

$$R = \frac{V}{I} = \frac{220 \text{ V}}{10 \text{ A}} = \mathbf{22 \text{ Ω}}$$

Source: Chapter 11 (Electricity), Section 11.8 Electric Power

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Explanation
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