Science (086) — CBSE Class 10 board question

(i) Hydrochloric acid: Creates an acidic medium in the stomach which facilitates the action of the enzyme pepsin.

(ii) Villi: Finger-like projections on the inner lining of the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption of digested food.

(iii) Anal sphincter: Regulates the exit of undigested/unabsorbed waste material from the body through the anus.

(iv) Lipase: Secreted in pancreatic juice; breaks down emulsified fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

Source: Chapter 5, Section 5.2.4 – Nutrition in Human Beings

---

• This 2-mark question has 4 parts, so award roughly ½ mark each — keep each answer to one line only.
• Examiners look for the key function word: "acidic medium/pepsin" for HCl; "increase surface area/absorption" for villi; "regulates exit of waste" for anal sphincter; "breaks down emulsified fats" for lipase.
• Avoid vague answers like "helps in digestion" — be specific about what is digested or what process is aided.