Answer the following based on the figure of human nephron.
Generated by claude-sonnet-4-6 · 2026-06-11 09:49 · grounding rag
Model Answer
(a) X is the Bowman's capsule (cup-shaped end of the nephron). It collects the filtrate from the glomerular capillaries. Blood is filtered here under pressure — the first step of urine formation called filtration.
(b) Useful substances such as glucose, amino acids, salts and water are selectively reabsorbed so that they are not lost from the body. Only waste products (e.g., urea) are retained in the filtrate to be excreted as urine.
Source: Chapter 5, Section 5.5.1 – Excretion in Human Beings
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Explanation
- (a) The diagram's arrow points to the cup-shaped structure around the glomerulus — that is Bowman's capsule. Always name it and state its role: collecting filtrate / ultrafiltration.
- (b) The key idea is that the body must conserve useful substances. Simply write which substances are reabsorbed and why (to prevent loss of valuable materials). One sentence each is enough for 1 mark.
- Examiners look for correct terminology: "Bowman's capsule," "filtrate," "selective reabsorption."