Pollination is an important process in sexual reproduction of plants. It is an essential process that facilitates fertilisation in plants. Pollinating agents can be wind, water, insects and birds. Several changes take place in the flower after the fertilization has taken place.
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I notice that sub-question (c) is incomplete — options (i) and (ii) are not provided. I will answer (a) and (b) fully, and note the gap for (c).
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Model Answer
(a) In self-pollination, pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma of the same flower or same plant. In cross-pollination, pollen is transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of a different plant of the same species.
(b) The petals (corolla) attract insects for pollination through their bright colours and fragrance. After fertilisation, the petals wither and fall off, as their role in attracting pollinators is complete.
(c) (Sub-question (c) cannot be answered as options (i) and (ii) were not provided in the question. Please include the missing options for a complete answer.)
Source: Life Processes / How do Organisms Reproduce, Sexual Reproduction in Plants
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Explanation
- (a) The key distinction examiners look for is same plant vs. different plant. One crisp line is enough for 1 mark.
- (b) Two parts = two marks: name the part (petals) and state what happens after fertilisation (they wither/fall). Missing either half loses the mark.
- (c) Always check that all options of a choice-based sub-question are copied into your paper before the exam — here the options were cut off. In the actual exam, attempt whichever option you choose and write it clearly as (c)(i) or (c)(ii).