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Science — CBSE Class 10 board question

Q1. [5]
Answer the following :
  1. (i) The power of a lens 'X' is – 2·5 D. Name the lens and determine its focal length in cm. For which eye defect of vision will an optician prescribe this type of lens as a corrective lens ? [2]
  2. (ii) ''The value of magnification 'm' for a lens is – 2.'' Using new Cartesian Sign Convention and considering that an object is placed at a distance of 20 cm from the optical centre of this lens, state : (I) the nature of the image formed; (II) size of the image compared to the size of the object; (III) position of the image, and (IV) sign of the height of the image. [2]
  3. (iii) The numerical values of the focal lengths of two lenses A and B are 10 cm and 20 cm respectively. Which one of the two will show higher degree of convergence/divergence ? Give reason to justify your answer. [1]
Previously asked in CBSE board exam
2025 31/1/1 Q36(a)
Generated by claude-sonnet-4-6 · 2026-06-15 06:48 · grounding rag
Model Answer

(i) The lens X is a concave (diverging) lens (negative power indicates concave lens).

Focal length: $f = \frac{1}{P} = \frac{1}{-2.5} = -0.4 \text{ m} = \mathbf{-40 \text{ cm}}$

This lens is prescribed for myopia (short-sightedness).

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(ii) Given: $m = -2$, object distance $u = -20$ cm (by sign convention).

Since $m = \frac{v}{u}$: $-2 = \frac{v}{-20}$, so $v = +40$ cm.

(I) Nature: Real and inverted (m is negative).

(II) Size: Image is twice the size of the object (|m| = 2, enlarged).

(III) Position: Image is formed 40 cm on the opposite side of the lens from the object.

(IV) Sign of image height: Negative (inverted image has negative height by sign convention).

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(iii) Lens A (focal length 10 cm) shows a higher degree of convergence/divergence.

Reason: Power $P = \frac{1}{f}$; smaller focal length means greater power, hence greater ability to converge or diverge light.

Source: Chapter 9, Sections 9.3.4, 9.3.6

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Explanation
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Previous-year CBSE Grade 10 board exam questions, organised by subject and chapter, each with a model answer — free to read and print.