AI-generated practice question — model-generated for extra practice, not a previous-year CBSE board question.
Gandhi's Position: Gandhi believed untouchability was a social and moral evil that could only be eliminated by changing the hearts of upper-caste Hindus. He called untouchables harijan (children of God), organised satyagrahas for temple entry and access to public spaces, and cleaned toilets himself to dignify dalit labour. He opposed separate electorates because he felt they would permanently divide dalits from mainstream Hindu society, slowing their integration rather than helping it.
Ambedkar's Position: Ambedkar, who organised dalits into the Depressed Classes Association (1930), argued that political empowerment was the only real solution. He demanded separate electorates — dalits voting among themselves — so they could elect their own representatives without depending on upper-caste goodwill.
The Clash: When the British granted separate electorates, Gandhi fasted unto death in protest. Ambedkar yielded under pressure, and the Poona Pact (1932) gave dalits reserved seats in legislatures but elected by the general electorate — a compromise that dissatisfied many dalit leaders.
Two Visions: Gandhi believed change must come from within society through moral reform; Ambedkar believed oppressed groups needed independent political power to protect themselves, since moral appeals to oppressors rarely succeed.
Source: Chapter 2, Section 3.3 — The Limits of Civil Disobedience
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Examiners look for: (1) Gandhi's approach — moral/social reform, heart-change, integration; (2) Ambedkar's approach — political empowerment, separate electorates; (3) the specific event (Round Table Conference clash, Poona Pact outcome); (4) a clear analytical contrast of the two visions. Avoid padding — state each point crisply. The phrase "two genuinely different visions" in the question signals that analysis (not just description) is required, so the last paragraph is essential for full marks.