Q1. [3] medium thorough-understanding
The grievances that drove the Gudem Hills tribal uprising were rooted in specific colonial policies. Identify TWO such policies and explain how each directly threatened the livelihood and way of life of the hill communities.
Generated by claude-sonnet-4-6 · 2026-06-26 14:58 · grounding rag
Model Answer
The Gudem Hills tribal uprising was driven by two key colonial policies:
- Restriction on forest use: The colonial government closed large forest areas, preventing tribals from grazing cattle and collecting wood and fruits. This directly destroyed their traditional subsistence economy, as the forest was their primary source of livelihood.
- Forced labour (veth): The government forced hill people to do unpaid work for the colonial administration. This was deeply resented as it violated their freedom and disrupted their daily lives and agricultural work.
These policies together threatened the tribals' economic survival and autonomy, fuelling the armed uprising led by Alluri Sitarama Raju.
Source: Chapter 2, Nationalism in India
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Explanation
- The source passages provided do not contain details about the Gudem Hills uprising beyond a date reference (Alluri Sitarama Raju, 1924). However, this topic is well-covered in the NCERT Class 10 History Chapter 2 textbook itself.
- Examiners expect you to identify forest laws and forced labour/veth as the two policies — these are the standard NCERT answers.
- For a 3-mark question with two points, briefly name each policy and explain its impact in 1–2 lines each. Don't just list — always link to "livelihood/way of life."
- The conclusion sentence tying grievances to the uprising earns the third mark.