AI-generated practice question — model-generated for extra practice, not a previous-year CBSE board question.
(A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
After 1848, autocratic monarchies introduced modernising reforms like abolishing serfdom and granting autonomy (e.g., to Hungarians in 1867), proving the old pre-1815 order could not be simply restored. R correctly explains A.
The passage explicitly states: "Though conservative forces were able to suppress liberal movements in 1848, they could not restore the old order… serfdom and bonded labour were abolished both in the Habsburg dominions and in Russia." R directly explains why A is true — the reforms introduced by autocratic monarchies are the evidence that the old order was unrestorable. Hence option (A) is correct.