Social Science (087) — AI-generated practice question

In the first half of the nineteenth century, nationalism was closely linked to liberal-democratic ideals — freedom, equality, and constitutional government.

However, by the last quarter of the nineteenth century, nationalism no longer retained its idealistic liberal-democratic sentiment. Instead, it became a narrow creed with limited ends. Nationalist groups grew increasingly intolerant of each other and were ever ready to go to war. Major European powers also manipulated nationalist aspirations of subject peoples to further their own imperialist aims, ultimately leading Europe toward disaster in 1914.

Source: Nationalism and Imperialism, Chapter 1

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• The examiner expects you to contrast early nationalism (liberal, idealistic) with late 19th-century nationalism (narrow, aggressive, linked to imperialism).
• Use the exact textbook phrases: "narrow creed with limited ends," "intolerant," "manipulated nationalist aspirations" — these signal to the examiner you know the source.
• Don't over-explain; 3 marks = roughly 3 clear points in brief.