Q1. [1] medium thorough-understanding
Consider the following assertion and reason and choose the correct option.
Assertion (A): Pipeline transport has enabled oil refineries such as Barauni, Mathura and Panipat to be established deep in the interior of India, far from the oil fields.
Reason (R): Pipelines, once laid, operate with minimal running costs, cause negligible trans-shipment losses, and can transport not only liquids and gases but also solids converted into slurry.
(A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true.
- A Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
- B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- C A is true but R is false.
- D A is false but R is true.
Generated by claude-sonnet-4-6 · 2026-06-26 13:38 · grounding rag
Model Answer
(B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Assertion A is true — pipelines enabled refineries like Barauni, Mathura and Panipat to be set up in interior locations. Reason R is also true — pipelines have minimal running costs, no trans-shipment losses, and can carry slurry. However, R explains the advantages of pipelines in general, not specifically why inland refineries became possible (which is due to pipelines connecting oil fields to interior locations directly).
Source: Chapter 7, Pipelines section
Explanation
- Both statements are factually correct and directly supported by the textbook passage.
- The key distinction: R lists general merits of pipelines (low running cost, no trans-shipment losses, slurry transport) — these do not logically explain why interior refineries could be established. The correct explanation for A would be that pipelines can carry crude oil efficiently over long distances to interior locations.
- Examiners expect students to check not just whether both statements are true, but whether R directly and logically explains A.