Social Science (087) — AI-generated practice question

Though conservative forces suppressed the liberal movements of 1848, they could not restore the old pre-revolutionary order. Monarchs realised that cycles of revolution and repression could only end by granting concessions to liberal-nationalist revolutionaries. Therefore, autocratic monarchies of Central and Eastern Europe began introducing reforms already seen in Western Europe before 1815. Serfdom and bonded labour were abolished in the Habsburg dominions and Russia. The Habsburg rulers also granted more autonomy to the Hungarians in 1867.

Source: Chapter 1, Section 3.2 / The Making of Germany and Italy

---

• The key idea examiners expect is the cause-and-effect logic: suppression ≠ restoration, because monarchs were forced to concede reforms to prevent further unrest.
• Mention specific examples: abolition of serfdom (Habsburg + Russia) and Hungarian autonomy (1867) — these fetch the marks.
• Avoid vague statements; CBSE rewards precise facts from the textbook.
• 3 marks = roughly 3 distinct points, which map onto: (1) why restoration failed, (2) reforms introduced, (3) specific examples.