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Social Science (087) — AI-generated practice question

AI-generated practice question — model-generated for extra practice, not a previous-year CBSE board question.

Q1. [1] straightforward initial-understanding
[mcq] Which of the following correctly describes the political situation of the Italian peninsula before its unification in the mid-nineteenth century? (A) All the Italian states were independent republics governed by elected assemblies. (B) Only Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house; the remaining states were under foreign powers such as the Austrian Habsburgs, the Pope, and Spanish Bourbon kings. (C) The northern states were under French control while the southern states remained independent under Italian rulers. (D) The entire peninsula was under the direct control of the Austrian Habsburg Empire.
  1. A All seven states were ruled by Italian princely houses and were independent of foreign control.
  2. B Only Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house; the rest were under foreign powers including Austrian Habsburgs, the Pope, and Spanish Bourbon kings.
  3. C The northern states were under Spanish control while the southern states were under Austrian Habsburgs.
  4. D The entire peninsula was under the direct control of the Pope and the Catholic Church.
Generated by claude-sonnet-4-6 · 2026-06-26 13:36 · grounding rag
Model Answer

(B) Only Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house; the rest were under foreign powers including Austrian Habsburgs, the Pope, and Spanish Bourbon kings.

Source: Italy Unified, Chapter 1 (The Making of Nationalism in Europe)

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Explanation

The textbook states that Cavour led Sardinia-Piedmont (the only Italian-ruled state) to defeat Austrian forces, while Garibaldi drove out the Spanish rulers from South Italy/Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, and the Papal States remained under the Pope until 1870. This directly matches option B. Avoid option D — the Habsburgs controlled only the north (Lombardy/Venetia), not the entire peninsula.

Previous-year CBSE Grade 10 board exam questions, organised by subject and chapter, each with a model answer — free to read and print.