Social Science (087) — AI-generated practice question

Pipelines are more advantageous than other modes of transport for carrying crude oil and natural gas because:

1. Minimal running costs: Although initial cost of laying pipelines is high, subsequent running costs are very low.
2. No trans-shipment losses or delays: Pipelines eliminate the risk of losses or delays caused by loading and unloading at multiple points.
3. Access to remote locations: They enable refineries and fertilizer plants at far inland locations — such as Barauni, Mathura, and Panipat — to be established, which would otherwise be difficult to supply.
4. Versatility: Besides liquids and gases, solids converted into slurry can also be transported through pipelines.

Source: Transportation and Communication, Chapter 7, Pipelines section

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The examiner expects 3 distinct points since this is a 3-mark question. The key facts come directly from the chapter: high initial but low running cost, no trans-shipment losses, enabling inland refineries, and slurry transport. Avoid generic statements — use the specific examples (Barauni, Mathura, Panipat) to show textbook accuracy. Do not write extra paragraphs; crisp numbered points score better in this format.