Social Science (087) — AI-generated practice question

Local and traditional communities have played a vital role in forest and wildlife conservation in India through various movements and programmes:

1. Chipko Movement (Himalayas): Villagers hugged trees to resist deforestation and demonstrated that community afforestation with indigenous species can be highly successful.

1. Beej Bachao Andolan (Tehri) and Navdanya: Farmers showed that diversified crop production without synthetic chemicals is economically viable, preserving biodiversity.

1. Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan: Villagers fought against illegal mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act.

1. Bhairodev Dakav 'Sonchuri', Alwar: Five villages declared 1,200 hectares of forest as a protected zone, banning hunting and rejecting outside encroachment.

1. Sacred Groves: Tribal communities like Mundas, Santhals, and Bishnoi villages protect specific trees, animals, and forest patches through religious traditions.

1. Joint Forest Management (JFM): Formally started in Odisha (1988), this programme involves local village institutions in managing degraded forests; in return, communities receive non-timber forest produce and a share of timber harvested.

Source: Chapter 2 — Community and Conservation

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• The examiner expects specific named examples — Chipko, Beej Bachao Andolan, Sariska, Bhairodev Dakav, JFM, Sacred Groves — each with a brief fact. Vague statements like "people protect forests" score no marks.
• Note that demarcation of wildlife sanctuaries does NOT involve community participation (MCQ hint from textbook).
• JFM's starting year (1988, Odisha) and the figure (1,200 hectares) are frequently asked details — include them.
• Keep each point to 1–2 lines; do not elaborate into paragraphs for a 5-mark answer.