The consumer movement in India has grown significantly, yet consumer awareness remains limited and the redres…

Question

The consumer movement in India has grown significantly, yet consumer awareness remains limited and the redressal process is still challenging for many. Critically examine the respective roles of the government, NGOs, and individual consumers in ensuring effective consumer protection in India. In your answer, refer to the historical development of the consumer movement and assess why no single stakeholder can be solely responsible for its success.

Accepted Answer

## Model Answer The consumer movement in India originated in the 1960s due to food shortages, hoarding, and adulteration. By the 1970s, consumer organisations held exhibitions and addressed ration shop malpractices, eventually pressuring the government to enact **COPRA in 1986**. - **Government**: Provides legal framework (COPRA, amended 2019) and redressal commissions, but enforcement of laws remains weak. - **NGOs**: Over 2000 consumer groups raise awareness, though only 50–60 are well organised. - **Individual Consumers**: Must actively participate, as the movement can be effective only through voluntary consumer involvement. No single stakeholder suffices — redressal remains costly and time-consuming, and consumer awareness is still spreading slowly. *Source: Consumer Rights, Chapter 5* --- ## Explanation The examiner expects three distinct roles covered briefly, linked to the historical origin of the movement, and a concluding point on shared responsibility. Avoid writing long pa…

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