Q1. [3] medium thorough-understanding
Globalisation has benefited some groups while harming others. Identify the groups that have largely gained and those that have largely lost from globalisation in India, and explain the reasons behind this unequal impact.
Generated by claude-sonnet-4-6 · 2026-06-26 13:29 · grounding rag
Model Answer
Groups that have gained:
- Well-off urban consumers — enjoy greater choice, better quality, and lower prices.
- Skilled workers and large Indian companies — benefited from new jobs, technology upgrades, and collaborations with MNCs.
- Some Indian firms like Tata Motors and Infosys emerged as MNCs themselves.
Groups that have largely lost:
- Small producers and workers — face intense competition from MNCs and suffer from flexible (insecure) labour arrangements.
- People without education or skills — unable to access new opportunities created by globalisation.
Reason for unequal impact: People with education, skill, and wealth made the best use of new opportunities, while small producers and unskilled workers were left behind due to lack of resources and weak labour protections.
Source: Chapter 4 — Impact of Globalisation in India; The Struggle for a Fair Globalisation
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Explanation
- The examiner expects both sides — gainers and losers — with brief reasons. Missing either side loses marks.
- Use specific examples from the textbook (Tata Motors, call centres, small producers) to show you've read the chapter.
- The key phrase to remember: "People with education, skill and wealth made the best use of new opportunities" — this directly answers the 'why' of unequal impact.
- Do not write a general essay on globalisation; stay focused on the India-specific impact as described in the textbook.