Social Science (087) — AI-generated practice question

When a canal system is built, irrigation reaches previously rain-fed land. Farmers can now grow a second crop (e.g., wheat in rabi season), directly creating more agricultural employment and reducing underemployment.

With higher produce, farmers need to transport and sell their surplus, generating jobs in transport, trade, and storage (tertiary sector). Increased demand for seeds, fertilisers, and equipment boosts the secondary sector. Further, agro-processing units like dal mills or cold storages can be set up in semi-rural areas, creating additional industrial employment. Thus, one irrigation intervention triggers a chain of employment across all three sectors.

Source: How to Create More Employment?, Chapter 2

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• The examiner expects a chain/multiplier effect: agriculture → transport/trade → industry. Show linkages, don't just list benefits.
• Use textbook examples (second crop, transport, dal mill, cold storage) — these signal you've read the chapter.
• 3 marks = ~3 distinct linked points. One point per mark is a safe structure.
• Key term to use: underemployment (disguised unemployment reduced) in agriculture, and employment in tertiary/secondary sectors as downstream effects.