Social Science (087) — AI-generated practice question

Collective provision of services like healthcare and sanitation is more effective because:

1. Money alone is insufficient — Individual income cannot buy certain goods like a pollution-free environment or protection from infectious diseases unless the entire community acts together.

1. Cheaper collectively — Just as collective security for a locality is cheaper than each house hiring its own security staff, services like healthcare cost less when provided to all.

1. Interdependence — One person cannot be protected from infectious diseases unless the whole community takes preventive steps. Individual efforts are therefore ineffective.

Kerala's low Infant Mortality Rate proves this — adequate collective provision of health and educational facilities achieves better outcomes than higher per capita income alone (as seen in Haryana).

Source: Public Facilities, Chapter 1

---

Examiners look for three distinct points for 3 marks. The key idea from the textbook is the contrast between Haryana (higher income) and Kerala (better health outcomes), showing money alone is not enough. Always include: (1) limits of individual purchasing power, (2) cost advantage of collective provision, and (3) the interdependence argument (e.g., infectious diseases). The Kerala–Haryana example is a strong closer. Avoid writing a vague essay — keep each point crisp and distinct.