Social Science (087) — AI-generated practice question

The data suggests that per capita income alone is an inadequate measure of development. Although State X has higher per capita income, State Y performs better on key human welfare indicators — lower infant mortality rate, higher literacy rate, and better school attendance. This is similar to Kerala having lower per capita income than Haryana yet better human development outcomes.

Alternative/complementary measures to consider:

• Infant Mortality Rate — reflects quality of healthcare
• Literacy Rate — indicates educational development
• Net Attendance Ratio — shows access to schooling

The UNDP's Human Development Index (HDI) combines per capita income with health and education indicators, giving a more complete picture of development. Income is important, but what matters most is the well-being of people.

Source: Chapter 1 — Development, Income and Other Criteria / Human Development Report

---

What examiners look for:

1. Clear statement that per capita income is insufficient as a sole indicator (1 mark)
2. Reference to alternative indicators — IMR, literacy, attendance ratio (1 mark)
3. Mention of HDI / UNDP approach as a complementary measure with a brief reason (1 mark)

Key tip: The Kerala–Haryana comparison from the textbook directly mirrors this question — always cite it. Avoid over-explaining; state the point and move on. Do not write a lengthy essay for a 3-mark answer.