Social Science (087) — AI-generated practice question

Democracy is praised for political equality and dignity, yet economic inequality and social discrimination persist. This apparent contradiction does not make democracy a failure — it highlights democracy's limitations as well as its strengths.

Political equality vs. economic inequality: Democracy ensures one person, one vote, but does not automatically ensure equal wealth. Data shows that in South Africa and Brazil, the top 20% earn over 60% of national income, leaving less than 3% for the bottom 20%. Democratically elected governments often fail to adequately address poverty despite the poor forming a majority of voters.

Dignity in principle, not always in practice: Democracy recognises equal dignity for women and marginalised castes at least in principle. Once recognised legally and morally, struggles against discrimination gain legitimacy — something impossible under non-democratic regimes.

The right perspective: Democracy is a form of government, not a magic solution. It creates conditions; citizens must utilise them. The fact that people demand more and criticise democracy is itself proof of its success — it transforms subjects into citizens.

Source: Chapter 5 — Outcomes of Democracy

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• Examiners look for acknowledgement of the contradiction followed by a balanced, nuanced reconciliation — not a one-sided defence or attack.
• Use data from the tables (South Africa/Brazil inequality figures) to show you have engaged with evidence.
• The key NCERT argument to include: "Democracy is just a form of government; it can only create conditions." This is the reconciling idea.
• Mention dignity (women, caste) separately — it shows you've covered both political and social dimensions.
• Avoid saying democracy "fails" — the approved NCERT position is that democracy is superior in principle and its shortcomings are to be addressed through more democracy, not less.