Q1. [1] medium exam-ready
Assertion (A): Democracies have not been very successful in reducing economic inequalities between citizens.
Reason (R): In democracies, the ultra-rich enjoy a disproportionately high share of wealth, and the share of the poor in national income has been declining.
- A Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
- B Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- C A is true but R is false.
- D A is false but R is true.
Generated by claude-sonnet-4-6 · 2026-06-26 13:19 · grounding rag
Model Answer
Option A is correct. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. In democracies, the ultra-rich enjoy a disproportionately high share of wealth, and the incomes of the poor have been declining, which explains why democracies have not been successful in reducing economic inequalities.
Source: Democratic Politics II, Chapter 5 — Outcomes of Democracy
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Explanation
- The passage explicitly states that "democracies do not appear to be very successful in reducing economic inequalities" (A is true).
- It also states that "a small number of ultra-rich enjoy a highly disproportionate share of wealth" and the incomes of those at the bottom "have been declining" (R is true).
- R directly explains why A is true — the disproportionate wealth of the rich and declining income of the poor is the very reason democracies fail to reduce inequality.
- So both statements are true and R correctly explains A → Option A.