AI-generated practice question — model-generated for extra practice, not a previous-year CBSE board question.
If all candidates contest as independents, no one would be accountable for national policy. Individual elected representatives would be accountable only to their own constituency for local matters, but no single person or group could be held responsible for how the country is run as a whole.
This problem would be difficult to solve because, without parties, no candidate can make credible promises about major national policy changes before elections. There would be no collective body to form a stable government with a common programme, and voters would have no way to reward or punish any group for national decisions.
Source: Democratic Politics, Chapter 4, "Why do we need political parties?" — Necessity
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The textbook directly states: "Elected representatives will be accountable to their constituency for what they do in the locality. But no one will be responsible for how the country will be run." This is the exact problem to name. The difficulty arises because parties are the mechanism that groups representatives, forms a government with a shared programme, and gives voters someone collective to hold responsible — none of which exists without parties. Examiners want you to (1) name the problem clearly (no accountability for national policy) and (2) explain why it is unsolvable without parties (no collective body, no promises, no one to blame/reward).