Science (086) — AI-generated practice question

(a) Defect of Hypermetropia:

Hypermetropia (far-sightedness) is a defect in which a person can see distant objects clearly but cannot see nearby objects distinctly. The near point shifts beyond 25 cm. This happens because light rays from a nearby object are focused behind the retina instead of on it.

Ray Diagram — Hypermetropic Eye:

```
Object → Eye Lens → [Retina] → (Image forms behind retina)
```
(Draw: nearby object, eye with lens, rays converging to a point behind the retina, label: Object, Eye Lens, Retina, Image behind retina)

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(b) Correction:

A convex (converging) lens of appropriate power is used. It converges the incoming rays before they enter the eye, so the image is now brought forward onto the retina.

Ray Diagram — Corrected Eye:

(Draw: nearby object → convex lens → eye lens → rays converge exactly on retina)

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(c) Two structural reasons:

1. The focal length of the eye lens is too long (eye lens is too less curved / less converging).
2. The eyeball has become too small (shortened eyeball), so the retina is closer to the lens than normal.

Source: Chapter 10, Section 10.2 — Hypermetropia

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• The examiner expects a labelled ray diagram for both the defect and the correction — even a neat sketch with labels (Object, Eye Lens, Retina, Image) earns full diagram marks.
• Key phrase for (a): image forms behind the retina.
• Key phrase for (b): convex/converging lens — never say concave here.
• For (c), both reasons must come directly from the textbook: focal length too long OR eyeball too small. These are the only two accepted structural reasons. Writing "weak ciliary muscles" is incorrect here (that applies to presbyopia).