Science (086) — AI-generated practice question

Insulin regulates blood glucose levels by helping cells absorb glucose from the blood. When insulin is insufficient, glucose cannot enter the cells properly, causing blood glucose levels to rise abnormally high (hyperglycaemia). This high glucose concentration damages blood vessels and organs over time, and cells are starved of energy despite glucose being present in the blood, leading to harmful effects like weakness, organ damage, and other complications.

When insulin injections are given regularly, the injected insulin performs the same function as natural insulin — it enables body cells to absorb glucose from the blood. This brings blood glucose back to normal levels, provides cells with energy, and prevents the harmful effects of hyperglycaemia, thereby restoring normal body functioning.

Source: Chapter 5 — Life Processes (related to control and regulation of life processes)

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• The question has two parts: (i) why low insulin is harmful, and (ii) how injections help. Address both clearly.
• Key concept: insulin allows glucose uptake by cells. Without it → high blood sugar + cells starved of energy → damage.
• Examiner expects mention of: glucose regulation, cells unable to use glucose, high blood sugar effects, and how injections compensate for the deficiency.
• This topic links to Chapter 7 (Control and Coordination — hormones), but the mechanism of insulin is relevant here too. Keep the answer focused and factual.