State any three changes that occur in the human body when adrenaline is secreted during a frightening situation.
Generated by claude-sonnet-4-6 · 2026-06-26 01:00 · grounding rag
Model Answer
When adrenaline is secreted into the blood during a frightening situation, the following changes occur:
- Heart rate increases — the heart beats faster, supplying more oxygen to the muscles.
- Blood is diverted to skeletal muscles — muscles around small arteries in the digestive system and skin contract, reducing blood flow to these organs and redirecting it to skeletal muscles.
- Breathing rate increases — contractions of the diaphragm and rib muscles cause faster breathing, supplying more oxygen to the body.
These responses together prepare the body to either fight or flee the frightening situation.
Source: Chapter 6, Section 6.3 — Hormones in Animals
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Explanation
- The examiner expects three distinct, clearly stated changes — one mark each.
- Each point must name the organ/system affected and the change that occurs (e.g., don't just say "heart beats faster" — link it to oxygen supply).
- The key phrase "fight or flight" can be mentioned but is not compulsory.
- All three changes must come from the adrenaline paragraph in 6.3; do not add unrelated content.